20170309

Author :  
Christopher W. Mackey, Xuhui Lee, Ronald B. Smith
Year : 
2012
Title : 
Remotely sensing the cooling effects of city scale efforts to reduce urban heat island
Journal : 
Building and Environment
Comment : 
Faced with urban heat island (UHI) effect, many urban planner or scientists are developing a number of possible cooling strategies and two have gained acceptance to the point that they are being implemented in a number of cities. These implemented strategies include one that seeks to increase urban albedo and another that seeks to increase urban vegetation. This study is an attempt to analyze a real large scale application by observing recent vegetated and reflective surfaces in LANDSAT images of Chicago (over the last 15 years). Results show that plots between albedo increase and corresponding LANDSAT temperature change have linear regressions with steeper slopes (-15.7) and stronger linear correlations (-0.33) than plots between NDVI increase and temperature change (-8.9 slope, -0.17 correlation). This indicates that the albedo increases produced greater LANDSAT cooling than the NDVI increases.   

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20131218

Author  : Edmondson, J. L. Davies, Z. G. McHugh, N. Gaston, K. J. Leake, J. R. Year  : 2012 Title  : Organic carbon hidden in urban ecosystems Journal  : Scientific Reports Comment   : To date, the total quantity of OC stored in urban soils (under both impervious surfaces and greenspaces), together with that in above-ground vegetation, has never been systematically measured.  They report the first city-wide organic carbon (OC) budget for vegetation and soils, including under impervious surfaces. The majority of OC (82%) was held in soils, with 13% found under impervious surfaces, and 18% stored in vegetation.
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20140731

Author  : Chen, Y. J. Day, S. D. Shrestha, R. K. Strahm, B. D. Wiseman, P. E. Year  : 2014 Title  : Influence of urban land development and soil rehabilitation on soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas fluxes Journal  : Geoderma Comment   : Typical land development practices did not increase global warming potential (GWP) when compared to undeveloped land. Post-development soil rehabilitation, however, resulted in greater GWP than both undisturbed soils and those subjected to typical development practices driven primarily by increased CO2 efflux.
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The concurrent decline of soil lead and children’s blood lead in New Orleans

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The concurrent decline of soil lead and children’s blood lead in New Orleans Howard W. Mielke ,  Christopher R. Gonzales ,  Eric T. Powell ,  Mark A. S. Laidlaw ,  Kenneth J. Berry ,  Paul W. Mielke  Jr. , and  Sara Perl Egendorf PNAS  first published October 14, 2019  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906092116 Significance The inextricable link between topsoil lead (Pb) and children’s blood lead (BPb) has not been widely accepted. Pb is associated with multiple health adversities. Urban residents are at risk from exposure to legacy Pb dust in topsoil resulting from smelting, industrial discharges, leaded gasoline emissions, leaded paint, and incineration. In New Orleans, topsoil median Pb decreased in ∼15 y from 99 mg/kg to 54 mg/kg, or ∼2.4 mg⋅kg⋅y −1 . In ∼12 y, children’s median BPb declined from 3.6 μg/dL to 1.3 μg/dL, or ∼0.2 μg⋅dL⋅y −1 . We argue that depletion of topsoil Pb is an important factor in the continuous dec...
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