20181011
Author :
S Fuss, CDJones, F Kraxner, GP Peters, P Smith, MTavoni, DP van Vuuren, JG Canadell,
RB Jackson, J Milne, JR Moreira, NNakicenovic, A Sharifi and Y Yamagata
S Fuss, CDJones, F Kraxner, GP Peters, P Smith, MTavoni, DP van Vuuren, JG Canadell,
RB Jackson, J Milne, JR Moreira, NNakicenovic, A Sharifi and Y Yamagata
Title : Research priorities for negative emissions
Journal : Environmental Research Letters
Comment :
Activities commonly considered to create negative emissions include large-scale afforestation, bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), direct removal of CO2 from the ambient air by means of chemical reaction, enhanced weathering, biochar formation, and soil carbon sequestration. Research on NETs has been conducted for almost two decades, but the topic has received more attention since the IPCC’s AR5 and beyond.
(1) Bio-energy and CCS (BECCS)—the generation of energy from burning biomass coupled to the capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in geological or other reservoirs. Because CO2 has been captured from the atmosphere during biomass growth, the process delivers net-negative emissions to the atmosphere.
(2) Afforestation/reforestation and forest management (AR)—the planting of trees which capture CO2 as they grow, thereby removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in living biomass.
(3) Direct air-capture and storage (DAC)—the use of chemicals such as amines or sodium hydroxide to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, after which it is mineralized for solid storage or pumped into
geological reservoirs.
(4) Soil carbon sequestration (SCS)—enhancing the sequestration of carbon in soils by increasing inputs or reducing losses, for example by reducing soil disturbance.
(5) Biochar—the pyrolysis of biomass so that it becomes more resistant to decomposition, which is
then added to the soil to store the embedded carbon and, in some cases, enhance fertility.
(6) Enhanced weathering (EW)—the grinding and spreading of rocks that naturally absorb CO2 to
increase their surface area so that they absorb CO2 more rapidly. The ground rock can be spread on
land or the ocean.
(7) Ocean fertilization (OF)—the fertilization of the ocean, for example with iron, so that the ocean
phytoplankton absorb more CO2 through photosynthesis, and then potentially sink to the deep ocean and sequester carbon after they die.
Comment :
Activities commonly considered to create negative emissions include large-scale afforestation, bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), direct removal of CO2 from the ambient air by means of chemical reaction, enhanced weathering, biochar formation, and soil carbon sequestration. Research on NETs has been conducted for almost two decades, but the topic has received more attention since the IPCC’s AR5 and beyond.
(1) Bio-energy and CCS (BECCS)—the generation of energy from burning biomass coupled to the capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in geological or other reservoirs. Because CO2 has been captured from the atmosphere during biomass growth, the process delivers net-negative emissions to the atmosphere.
(2) Afforestation/reforestation and forest management (AR)—the planting of trees which capture CO2 as they grow, thereby removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in living biomass.
(3) Direct air-capture and storage (DAC)—the use of chemicals such as amines or sodium hydroxide to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, after which it is mineralized for solid storage or pumped into
geological reservoirs.
(4) Soil carbon sequestration (SCS)—enhancing the sequestration of carbon in soils by increasing inputs or reducing losses, for example by reducing soil disturbance.
(5) Biochar—the pyrolysis of biomass so that it becomes more resistant to decomposition, which is
then added to the soil to store the embedded carbon and, in some cases, enhance fertility.
(6) Enhanced weathering (EW)—the grinding and spreading of rocks that naturally absorb CO2 to
increase their surface area so that they absorb CO2 more rapidly. The ground rock can be spread on
land or the ocean.
(7) Ocean fertilization (OF)—the fertilization of the ocean, for example with iron, so that the ocean
phytoplankton absorb more CO2 through photosynthesis, and then potentially sink to the deep ocean and sequester carbon after they die.
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