Jeehwan Bae : Paper of the week & Book of the month

Author  :  Ruess, R. W.  Hendrick, R. L.  Burton, A. J.  Pregitzer, K. S.  Sveinbjornsson, B.  Allen, M. E.  Maurer, G. E. Year  : 2003 Title  :  Coupling fine root dynamics with ecosystem carbon cycling in black spruce forests of interior Alaska Journal  : Ecological Monographs Comment   :   One of the most interesting findings from this study  is the relatively high rate of fine root production in  floodplain black spruce forests.  Annual production of fine roots averaged 228  ±  75 g biomass m-2 yr-1, constituting ;56% of total stand  production. Above ground production of trees (50  ±  14 g  biomass m-2 yr-1 , 13%) and shrubs (40  ±  2 g  biomass m-2 yr-1 , 11%) contributed similarly to total production, while mosses (73  ±  14 g  biomass m-2 yr-1 , 20%)  accounted for the largest component of above ground produc...

Author  :  Xiang Zhang & Yiping Zhang & Liqing Sha &  Chuansheng Wu & Zhenghong Tan & Qinghai Song &  Yuntong Liu & Liyuan Dong Year  : 2015 Title  :  Effects of continuous drought stress on soil respiration  in a tropical rainforest in southwest China Journal  : Plant Soil Comment   :  The continuous precipitation reduction treatment  did not affect the seasonal patterns of soil respiration,  but it significantly increased soil respiration in the  study plot during the rainy season, and the relationship  between soil respiration and soil moisture differed in the  control and reduction treatment in the rainy season. Their results  indicate that the responses of soil respiration to precipitation  decrease may vary seasonally and the variation of  volumetric water content in different seasons may be an  important factor leading to the seasonal SR va...

Author  : Yue He, Gan-Lin Zhang Year  : 2009 Title  : Historical record of black carbon in urban soils and its environmental implications Journal  : Environmental Pollution Comment   : The vertical distribution of BC in soil is suggested to reflect the history of BC formation from burning of biomass and/or fossil fuel. BC in the surface layer of soils was mainly from traffic emission (especially from diesel vehicles). In contrast, in cultural layers BC was formed from historical coal use. The contents of BC and the ratio of BC/OC may reflect different human activities and pollution sources in the contrasting urban zones.

Author  : Edmondson JL, Stott I, Potter J, Lopez-Capel E, Manning DA, Gaston KJ, Leake JR. Year  : 2015 Title  : Black Carbon Contribution to Organic Carbon Stocks in Urban Soil Journal  : Environmental Science & Technology Comment   : Their findings emphasize the importance of considering the contribution of BC to TOC especially in urban soil profiles, and corroborates recent evidence that urban-specific factors are needed to estimate carbon stocks and their variability in urbanized regions. BC contributed 28−39% of the TOC stocks, up to 23 kg C m−2 to 1 m, and was affected by soil texture. The proportional contribution of the BC-rich fraction to TOC increased with soil depth, and was enriched in topsoil under trees when compared to grassland.

Author  :  Xinhua Zeng, Wanjun Zhang, Huitao Shen, Jiansheng Cao, Xin Zhao Year  :  2014 Title  :  Soil respiration response in different vegetation types at Mount Taihang, China Journal  :  Catena Comment   :   Q10 exhibited a strong seasonal variation pattern, and decreased with increasing soil temperature. This result indicates that low temperature may be more important to carbon cycling than higher temperature based on soil respiration results.    The seasonal variation of Q10 was primarily driven by soil temperature while soil moisture had little influence on the dynamic for each site based on annual scales. However, due to the complicated relation between soil properties and SR, Q10 value derived from diurnal and seasonal patterns of SR should be used with extreme caution when estimating carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystem.

Author  :  Bowling, D. R.  Grote, E. E.  Belnap, J. Year  :  2011 Title  :  Rain pulse response of soil CO2 exchange by biological soil crusts and grasslands of the semiarid Colorado Plateau, United States Journal  :  Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences Comment   :   They  used soil surface CO2 flux and the amount and carbon isotope  composition of soil CO2 as indicators of belowground and soil surface activity. Soil  respiration was always below 2  µ mol m−2 s−1 and highly responsive to soil moisture.  The short‐term temperature  sensitivity of respiration was very dynamic, showing enhancement within 1–2 days of rain,  and diminishing each day afterward.   No difference was detected in the seasonal activity of C3 and C4 grasses,  contrasting with studies from other arid regions (where warm‐ versus cool‐season activity  is important), and highlightin...

Author  :  Lohila, A.  Aurela, M.  Regina, K.  Laurila, T. Year  : 2003 Title  :  Soil and total ecosystem respiration in agricultural fields: effect of soil and crop type Journal  :  Plant and Soil Comment   :   Their results  showed that the soil respiration in the peat soil was 2–3 times as high  as that in the mineral soils, varying from 0.11 to 0.36 mg (CO2) m−2 s−1 in the peat soil and from 0.02 to 0.17  mg (CO2) m−2 s−1 in the mineral soils. The difference between the soil types was mainly attributed to the soil  organic C content, which in the uppermost 20 cm of the peat soil was 24 kg m−2, being about 4 times as high as  that in the mineral soils.

Author  :  Kang, S. Y.  Doh, S.  Lee, D.  Lee, D.  Jin, V. L.  Kimball, J. S. Year  : 2003 Title  :  Topographic and climatic controls on soil respiration in six temperate mixed-hardwood forest slopes, Korea Journal  :  Global Change Biology Comment   :   Soil respiration and soil  water content (SWC) were significantly greater (P=0.09 and 0.003, respectively) on  north-facing slopes compared to south-facing slopes, while soil temperature was not significantly different between slopes (P>0.5). At all sites, soil temperature was the  primary factor driving temporal variations in soil respiration (r2=0.84–0.96) followed by  SWC, which accounted for 30% of soil respiration spatial and temporal variability.  Their results indicate that the application of standard  temperature-based Q10 models to estimate soil respiration rates for larger geographic  areas covering diffe...

Author  :  Wang, Y. F.  Hao, Y. B.  Cui, X. Y.  Zhao, H. T.  Xu, C. Y.  Zhou, X. Q.  Xu, Z. H. Year  : 2014 Title  :  Responses of soil respiration and its components to drought stress Journal  :  Journal of Soils and Sediments Comment   :  This work aims to review the  recent and current literature about the variations in Rs during  the period of drought stress. The sensitivity of soil respiration and  its components to drought stress depended on the ecosystems  and seasonality.   Drought stress depressed Rs in mesic and xeric  ecosystems, while it stimulated Rs in hydric ecosystems. The  reductions in supply and availability of substrate decreased  both auto- and heterotrophic respirations, leading to the temporal  decoupling of root and mycorrhizal respiration from  canopy photosynthesis as well as C allocation.   Drought stress...

Author  :  Unger, S.  Maguas, C.  Pereira, J. S.  David, T. S.  Werner, C. Year  : 2010 Title  :  The influence of precipitation pulses on soil respiration e Assessing  the “Birch effect” by stable carbon isotopes Journal  :  Soil Biology & Biochemistry Comment   :  Two irrigation  experiments were conducted on bare soil, root-free soil and intact vegetation during May and August  2005 in a semi-arid Mediterranean holm oak forest in southern Portugal. They continuously monitored  CO2-fluxes along with their isotopic compositions before, during and after the irrigation. 13C signatures  of the first CO2-efflux burst, occurring immediately after re-wetting, fit the hypothesis that the “Birch”  pulse is caused by the rapid mineralization of either dead microbial biomass or osmoregulatory  substances released by soil microorganisms in response to hypo-osmotic stress in order to avoid ...

Author  :  Epron, D.  Nouvellon, Y.  Roupsard, O.  Mouvondy, W.  Mabiala, A.  Saint-Andre, L.  Joffre, R.  Jourdan, C.  Bonnefond, J. M.  Berbigier, P.  Hamel, O. Year  : 2004 Title  :  Spatial and temporal variations of soil respiration in a Eucalyptus plantation in Congo Journal  :  Forest Ecology and Management Comment   :  Soil respiration exhibited pronounced  seasonal variations that clearly reflected those of soil water content, with minimum values below 1.6  µ mol m- 2 s -1 at the end of  the dry season in September and a maximum value of 5.6    µ mol m- 2 s -1  after re-wetting in December.  An empirical model  describing the relationship between soil respiration and soil water content predicts the seasonal variations in soil respiration  reasonably well (R2 = 0.88), even if the effects of soil temperature and soil water content may be...

Author  :  Zhou, Z. Y.  Xu, M. L.  Kang, F. F.  Sun, O. J. Year  : 2015 Title  :  Maximum temperature accounts for annual soil CO2 efflux in temperate forests of Northern China Journal  :  Scientific Reports Comment   :  Annual soil respiration varied from 409 g C m−2 in coniferous forest to  570 g C m−2 in mixed forest and to 692 g C m−2 in broad leaved forest, and was markedly explained  by mean soil temperatures of the warmest day, July and summer, separately.   These three soil  temperatures reflected the maximum values on diurnal, monthly and annual scales. In accordance  with their higher temperatures, summer soil respiration accounted for 51% of annual soil respiration  across forest types, and broad leaved forest also had higher soil organic carbon content (SOC) and  soil microbial biomass carbon content (SMBC), but a lower contribution of SMBC to SOC.

Author  :  DeForest, J. L.  Chen, J. Q.  McNulty, S. G. Year  : 2009 Title  :  Leaf litter is an important mediator of soil respiration in an oak-dominated forest Journal  :  International Journal of Biometeorology Comment   :  They measured respiration in an oak-dominated forest with or  without the O horizon for 1 year within the Oak Openings  Region of northwest Ohio.  The presence of the O  horizon represented a large source of seasonal variation in  soil  respiration (SR). The timing of oak phenology explained some of the large changes in both SR and litter respiration (LR), and their relationship  with temperature and moisture. The contribution to SR of  respiration from the mineral soil was greatest during pregrowth  and pre-dormancy, as evident by the low LR: mineral soil respiration  (MSR)   ratios of 0.65±0.10 (mean ± SE) and 0.69±0.03, respectively,...

Author  :  Dorrepaal, E.  Toet, S.  van Logtestijn, R. S. P.  Swart, E.  van de Weg, M. J.  Callaghan, T. V.  Aerts, R. Year  : 2009 Title  :  Carbon respiration from subsurface peat accelerated  by climate warming in the subarctic Journal  :  Nature Comment   :  Their result indicate that climate warming of about 1  °C  over the next  few decades could induce a global increase in heterotrophic  respiration of 38–100 megatonnes of C per year. Climate warming therefore accelerates  respiration of the extensive, subsurface carbon reservoirs in peatlands  to a much larger extent than was previously thought. They find that at  least 69% of the increase in respiration rate originated from  carbon in peat towards the bottom (25–50 cm) of the active layer  above the permafrost.

Author  :  Davidson, E. A.  Belk, E.  Boone, R. D. Year  : 1998 Title  :  Soil water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest Journal  :  Global Change Biology Comment   : The objectives of this paper were to study the spatial and temporal variation in  soil respiration in a temperate forested landscape and to evaluate temperature and soil water functions as predictors of soil respiration. Occurrence of high Q10 values and variation in Q10 may be related to: (1) confounding effects of high soil water content: (2) seasonal and diel patterns in root respiration and turnover of fine roots that are linked to above ground phenology and metabolism: and (3) variation in the depth where CO2 is produced. The Q10 function can yield reasonably good predictions of annual fluxes of CO2, but it is a simplification that masks responses of root and microbial ...

Author  :  Han, G. X.  Zhou, G. S.  Xu, Z. Z.  Yang, Y.  Liu, J. L.  Shi, K. Q. Year  :  2007 Title  :  Biotic and abiotic factors controlling the spatial and temporal variation of soil respiration in an agricultural ecosystem Journal  :  Soil Biology & Biochemistry Comment   : Their  results  suggested that there was significant spatial heterogeneity in soil respiration at the plant scale and root biomass dominated the small-scale  spatial patterns of soil respiration. Thus, the models of soil respiration should not only take into account the influence of environmental factors, but also incorporate biotic factors in order to scale-up the chamber measurements of soil respiration to ecosystem level.

Author  :  Wang, C. K.  Yang, J. Y.  Zhang, Q. Z. Year  :  2006 Title  :  Soil respiration in six temperate forests in China Journal  :  Global Change Biology Comment   :  The sensitivity of soil respiration (Rs) to soil temperature at 10cm depth  (Q10) ranged from 2.61 in the oak forest to 3.75 in the aspen-birch forests. The Q10 tended  to increase with soil water content until reaching a threshold, and then decline. The  annual Rs for the larch, pine, hardwood, oak, mixed deciduous, and aspen-birch forests  averaged 403, 514, 781, 785, 786, and 813 gCm -2 yr- 1, respectively. The annual  Rs was positively correlated to soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration at O horizon  (R2 = 0.868) and total biomass of roots < 0.5 cm in diameter (R2 = 0.748).

Author  :  Jia, X.  Zha, T. S.  Wu, B.  Zhang, Y. Q.  Chen, W. J.  Wang, X. P.  Yu, H. Q.  He, G. M. Year  :  2013 Title  :  Temperature Response of Soil Respiration in a Chinese Pine Plantation: Hysteresis and Seasonal vs. Diel Q(10) Journal  :  Plos One Comment   :  Using an automated chamber system, they monitored half-hourly  values of Rs, Ts and soil volumetric water content (VWC)  throughout 2011 in a Chinese pine ( Pinus tabulaeformis ) plantation  at Badaling, about 50 km north of Beijing.  The use of a fixed, universal Q10 is considered adequate  when modeling annual carbon budgets across large spatial extents. In contrast, a seasonally-varying, environmentally controlled  Q10 should be used when short-term accuracy is required.

Author  :  Hibbard, K. A. Law, B. E. Reichstein, M. Sulzman, J. Year  :  2005 Title  :  An analysis of soil respiration across northern hemisphere temperate ecosystems Journal  :  Biogeochemistry Comment   :  Biomes with overall strongest relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature were from the deciduous and mixed forests (R2 ≥ 0.65). Maximum soil respiration was weakly related to maximum fine root biomass (R 2  = 0.28) and positively related to the previous years’ annual litterfall (R 2  = 0.46). Published rates of annual soil respiration were linearly related to LAI and fine root carbon (R 2  = 0.48, 0.47), as well as net primary production (NPP) (R 2  = 0.44).

Author  :  Bahn, M. Rodeghiero, M. Anderson-Dunn, M. Dore, S. Gimeno, C. Drosler, M. Williams, M. Ammann, C. Berninger, F. Flechard, C. Jones, S. Balzarolo, M. Kumar, S. Newesely, C. Priwitzer, T. Raschi, A. Siegwolf, R. Susiluoto, S. Tenhunen, J. Wohlfahrt, G. Cernusca, A. Year  :  2008 Title  :  Soil Respiration in European Grasslands in Relation to Climate and Assimilate Supply Journal  :  Ecosystems Comment   :  This study provides a synthesis of soil respiration (Rs) in 20 European grasslands across a climatic transect. Temperature-independent seasonal fluctuations of Rs of an intensively managed pasture were closely related to changes in leaf area index (LAI). Across sites Rs10 increased with mean annual soil temperature (MAT), LAI and gross primary productivity (GPP) indicating that assimilate supply overrides potential acclimation to prevailing temperatures. Also annual Rs was closely related to LAI and GPP.